terapixify.c

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/*
  Copyright 1989-2016 MINES ParisTech
 
  This file is part of PIPS.
 
  PIPS is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
  any later version.
 
  PIPS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
  WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
 
  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  along with PIPS.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
*/
 
/**
 * @file terapixify.c
 * apply transformations required to generate terapix microcode
 * @author Serge Guelton <serge.guelton@enst-bretagne.fr>
 * @date 2009-07-01
 */
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
    #include "pips_config.h"
#endif
#include <ctype.h>
 
 
#include "genC.h"
#include "linear.h"
#include "ri.h"
#include "effects.h"
#include "ri-util.h"
#include "workspace-util.h"
#include "prettyprint.h"
#include "effects-util.h"
#include "text.h"
#include "pipsdbm.h"
#include "pipsmake.h"
#include "resources.h"
#include "properties.h"
#include "misc.h"
#include "control.h"
#include "effects-generic.h"
#include "effects-simple.h"
#include "alias-classes.h"
#include "effects-convex.h"
#include "expressions.h"
#include "callgraph.h"
#include "text-util.h"
#include "transformations.h"
#include "parser_private.h"
#include "accel-util.h"
 
 
 
 
/**
 * terapixify
 */
 
static
bool cannot_terapixify(gen_chunk * elem, bool *can_terapixify)
{
    printf("found invalid construct of type %td\n",elem->i);
    return *can_terapixify=false;
}
 
static
bool can_terapixify_call_p(call c, bool *can_terapixify)
{
    if( !value_intrinsic_p(entity_initial(call_function((c)))) && ! call_constant_p(c) )
    {
        printf("found invalid call to %s\n",entity_user_name(call_function(c)));
        return *can_terapixify=false;
    }
    return true;
}
 
static
bool can_terapixify_expression_p(expression e, bool *can_terapixify)
{
    basic b = expression_basic(e);
    while( basic_pointer_p(b))
        b = variable_basic(type_variable(ultimate_type(basic_pointer(b))));
 
    if(!basic_int_p(b) && ! basic_overloaded_p(b))
    {
      list ewords = Words_Expression(e);
        string estring = words_to_string(ewords);
        string bstring = basic_to_string(b);
        printf("found invalid expression %s of basic %s\n",estring, bstring);
        free(bstring);
        free(estring);
        gen_free_list(ewords);
        return *can_terapixify=false;
    }
    return true;
}
 
struct entity_bool { entity e; bool b; };
 
static
void entity_used_in_reference_walker(reference r, struct entity_bool *eb)
{
    if(same_entity_p(reference_variable(r),eb->e)) eb->b=true;
}
 
static
void entity_used_in_loop_bound_walker(loop l, struct entity_bool *eb)
{
    gen_context_recurse(loop_range(l), eb, reference_domain, gen_true2, entity_used_in_reference_walker);
}
 
static
bool  entity_used_in_loop_bound_p(entity e)
{
    struct entity_bool eb = { e, false };
    gen_context_recurse(get_current_module_statement(), &eb, loop_domain, gen_true2, entity_used_in_loop_bound_walker);
    return eb.b;
}
 
#define TERAPIX_PTRARG_PREFIX "FIFO"
#define TERAPIX_LOOPARG_PREFIX "N"
#define TERAPIX_IMAGE_PREFIX "im"
#define TERAPIX_MASK_PREFIX "ma"
#define TERAPIX_REGISTER_PREFIX "re"
 
 
static bool terapix_renamed_local_p(const char* s, const char* prefix)
{
    string found = strstr(s,prefix);
    if(found)
    {
        for(found+=strlen(prefix);*found;++found)
            if(!isdigit(*found)) return false;
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}
 
static bool terapix_renamed_entity_p(entity e, const char* prefix) {
    return terapix_renamed_local_p(entity_local_name(e),prefix);
}
static bool terapix_mask_entity_p(entity e) {
    return terapix_renamed_entity_p(e,TERAPIX_MASK_PREFIX);
}
 
static bool terapix_renamed_p(const char *s)
{
    return terapix_renamed_local_p(s,TERAPIX_PTRARG_PREFIX) || 
        terapix_renamed_local_p(s,TERAPIX_LOOPARG_PREFIX) ||
        terapix_renamed_local_p(s,TERAPIX_IMAGE_PREFIX) ||
        terapix_renamed_local_p(s,TERAPIX_MASK_PREFIX) ||
        terapix_renamed_local_p(s,TERAPIX_REGISTER_PREFIX);
}
 
static
void do_terapix_argument_handler(entity e, string arg_prefix, size_t *arg_cnt,string ass_prefix, size_t *ass_cnt,bool force)
{
    /* change parameter name and generate an assignment */
    if(arg_prefix && (force || !terapix_renamed_p(entity_user_name(e))) ) {
        string new_name;
        asprintf(&new_name,"%s" MODULE_SEP_STRING  "%s%zd",entity_module_name(e),arg_prefix,(*arg_cnt)++);
        entity ne = make_entity_copy_with_new_name(e,new_name,false);
        free(new_name);
 
        for(list iter = code_declarations(value_code(entity_initial(get_current_module_entity())));
                !ENDP(iter);
                POP(iter))
        {
            entity ee = ENTITY(CAR(iter));
            if(same_entity_p(e,ee)) {
                CAR(iter).p=(gen_chunkp)ne;
            }
        }
        /* we now have FIFOx in ne and will generate an assignment from ne to e 
         * we also have to change the storage for e ...
         * and for images, add a dereferencing operator
         */
        free_storage(entity_storage(e)); entity_storage(e) = storage_undefined;
        AddEntityToCurrentModule(e);
        expression assigned ;
        if( false && ass_prefix && same_string_p(ass_prefix,TERAPIX_IMAGE_PREFIX))
        {
            basic bt = entity_basic(e);
            type new_type = copy_type(basic_pointer(bt));
            free_type(entity_type(e));
            entity_type(e) = new_type;
            assigned= MakeUnaryCall(entity_intrinsic(DEREFERENCING_OPERATOR_NAME),entity_to_expression(ne));
            expression pattern = MakeUnaryCall(entity_intrinsic(DEREFERENCING_OPERATOR_NAME),entity_to_expression(e)),
                       substitute = entity_to_expression(e);
            substitute_expression(get_current_module_statement(),pattern, substitute);
            free_expression(pattern);free_expression(substitute);
        }
        else
            assigned = entity_to_expression(ne);
        statement ass = make_assign_statement(entity_to_expression(e),assigned);
        insert_statement(get_current_module_statement(),ass,true);
    }
 
    /* to respect terapix asm, we also have to change the name of variable e */
    if(ass_prefix && (force ||!terapix_renamed_p(entity_user_name(e)))) {
        string new_name;
        asprintf(&new_name,"%s" MODULE_SEP_STRING "%s%zd",entity_module_name(e),ass_prefix,(*ass_cnt)++);
        entity ne = make_entity_copy_with_new_name(e,new_name,false);
        AddEntityToCurrentModule(ne);
        free(new_name);
        replace_entity(get_current_module_statement(),e,ne);
    }
}
static void terapix_argument_handler(entity e, string arg_prefix, size_t *arg_cnt,string ass_prefix, size_t *ass_cnt) {
    do_terapix_argument_handler(e,arg_prefix,arg_cnt,ass_prefix,ass_cnt,false);
}
static void force_terapix_argument_handler(entity e, string arg_prefix, size_t *arg_cnt,string ass_prefix, size_t *ass_cnt) {
    do_terapix_argument_handler(e,arg_prefix,arg_cnt,ass_prefix,ass_cnt,true);
}
 
static
bool terapix_suitable_loop_bound_walker(reference r,bool *suitable)
{
    return (*suitable) &= formal_parameter_p(reference_variable(r));
}
 
static
bool terapix_suitable_loop_bound_p(expression exp)
{
    bool suitable=true;
    gen_context_recurse(exp,&suitable,reference_domain,terapix_suitable_loop_bound_walker,gen_null2);
    return suitable;
}
 
typedef struct {
    hash_table ht;
    size_t *cnt;
} terapix_loop_handler_param;
 
 
static void
terapix_loop_handler(statement sl,terapix_loop_handler_param *p)
{
    if(statement_loop_p(sl)){
        loop l = statement_loop(sl);
        range r = loop_range(l);
        expression nb_iter = range_to_expression(r,range_to_nbiter);
        entity loop_bound = entity_undefined;
        if(terapix_suitable_loop_bound_p(nb_iter))
        {
            set body_entities = get_referenced_entities(loop_body(l));
            /* generate new entity if needed */
            if(expression_reference_p(nb_iter)) /* use the reference , but we must rename it however !*/
            {
                loop_bound=reference_variable(expression_reference(nb_iter));
                string new_name;
                asprintf(&new_name,"%s" MODULE_SEP_STRING TERAPIX_LOOPARG_PREFIX "%zd",get_current_module_name(),(*p->cnt)++);
                entity new_loop_bound=make_entity_copy_with_new_name(loop_bound,new_name,false);
                for(list iter = code_declarations(value_code(entity_initial(get_current_module_entity())));
                        !ENDP(iter);
                        POP(iter))
                {
                    entity ee = ENTITY(CAR(iter));
                    if(same_entity_p(loop_bound,ee)) {
                        CAR(iter).p=(gen_chunkp)new_loop_bound;
                    }
                }
                replace_entity(get_current_module_statement(),loop_bound,new_loop_bound);
                loop_bound=new_loop_bound;
            }
            else {
                string new_name;
                asprintf(&new_name,TERAPIX_LOOPARG_PREFIX "%zd",(*p->cnt)++);
                loop_bound=make_scalar_integer_entity(new_name,get_current_module_name());
                value v = entity_initial(loop_bound);
                free_constant(value_constant(v));
                value_tag(v)=is_value_expression;
                value_expression(v)=nb_iter;
                AddEntityToCurrentModule(loop_bound);
                free(new_name);
            }
 
            /* patch loop */
            free_expression(range_upper(loop_range(l)));
            range_upper(loop_range(l))=entity_to_expression(loop_bound);
 
            if(set_belong_p(body_entities,loop_bound))
                do_loop_to_while_loop(sl);
 
 
            /* save change for futher processing */
            hash_put(p->ht,loop_bound,nb_iter);
        }
    }
}
 
static int compare_formal_parameters(const void *v0, const void * v1) {
    const entity f0 = *(const entity *)v0,
          f1=*(const entity *)v1;
    intptr_t o0 = formal_offset(storage_formal(entity_storage(f0))),
             o1 = formal_offset(storage_formal(entity_storage(f1)));
    entity e0 = find_ith_formal_parameter(get_current_module_entity(),o0),
           e1 = find_ith_formal_parameter(get_current_module_entity(),o1);
    if(f0==f1) return 0;
    if(!terapix_renamed_entity_p(e0,TERAPIX_LOOPARG_PREFIX)) {
        if(terapix_renamed_entity_p(e1,TERAPIX_LOOPARG_PREFIX))
            return 1;
        else
            return o0 > o1 ? -1 : 1 ;
    }
    else
        return o0 > o1 ? -1 : 1 ;
}
 
static void normalize_microcode_parameter_orders(entity module) {
    sort_parameters(module,compare_formal_parameters);
}
 
typedef struct {
    entity ref;
    bool res;
} context;
 
static void do_terapix_pointer_initialized_from_a_mask_p(call c,context * ctxt) {
    entity op = call_function(c);
    if(ENTITY_ASSIGN_P(op)) {
        expression lhs = binary_call_lhs(c),
                   rhs = binary_call_rhs(c);
        if(expression_pointer_p(lhs)) {
            reference r = expression_reference(lhs);
            if(same_entity_p(reference_variable(r),ctxt->ref)) {
                /* check that lhs only contains reference to mask */
                set s = get_referenced_entities(rhs);
                bool only_mask = true,
                     at_least_one_mask = false;
                SET_FOREACH(entity,e,s) {
                    if(terapix_mask_entity_p(e)) {
                        at_least_one_mask=true;
                    }
                    else
                        only_mask=false;
                }
                set_free(s);
                ctxt->res = only_mask && at_least_one_mask;
                gen_recurse_stop(0);
            }
        }
    }
}
 
static bool terapix_pointer_initialized_from_a_mask_p(entity e) {
    context c = { .ref=e, .res=false };
    gen_context_recurse(get_current_module_statement(),&c,
            call_domain,gen_true2,do_terapix_pointer_initialized_from_a_mask_p);
    return c.res;
}
 
/* a test is normalized when it is in the form a>0 */
static void terapix_normalize_tests(call c) {
    entity op = call_function(c);
    if(ENTITY_CONDITIONAL_P(op)) {
        expression cond = binary_call_lhs(c);
        if(expression_call_p(cond)) {
            call c = expression_call(cond);
            entity op = call_function(c);
            if(ENTITY_GREATER_THAN_P(op)) {
                expression etmp = MakeBinaryCall(
                        entity_intrinsic(MINUS_OPERATOR_NAME),
                        copy_expression(binary_call_lhs(c)),
                        copy_expression(binary_call_rhs(c))
                        );
                    update_expression_syntax(binary_call_lhs(c),
                            copy_syntax(expression_syntax(etmp))
                            );
                free_expression(etmp);
            }
            else if(ENTITY_LESS_THAN_P(op)) {
                expression etmp = MakeBinaryCall(
                        entity_intrinsic(MINUS_OPERATOR_NAME),
                        copy_expression(binary_call_rhs(c)),
                        copy_expression(binary_call_lhs(c))
                        );
                call_function(c)=entity_intrinsic(GREATER_THAN_OPERATOR_NAME);
                update_expression_syntax(binary_call_lhs(c),
                        copy_syntax(expression_syntax(etmp)));
                free_expression(etmp);
            }
            else
                pips_internal_error("case not handled yet\n");
        }
        else
            pips_internal_error("does not know how to handle this conditional");
    }
}
 
static void terapixify_loop_purge(statement s, entity e) {
    if(statement_call_p(s)) {
        set re = get_referenced_entities(s);
        if(set_belong_p(re,e)) {
            update_statement_instruction(s,make_continue_instruction());
        }
        set_free(re);
    }
}
 
 
void normalize_microcode_anotate() {
    list callers = callees_callees((callees)db_get_memory_resource(DBR_CALLERS,get_current_module_name(), true));
    /* there should be only one caller */
    string caller = STRING(CAR(callers));
    /* Eeny, meeny, miny, moe */
    FOREACH(entity,fa, module_formal_parameters(get_current_module_entity())) {
        if(entity_pointer_p(fa)) {
            const char* fa_name = entity_user_name(fa);
            entity caller_faname = FindEntityFromUserName(caller,fa_name);
            if(entity_undefined_p(caller_faname)){
                string tmp=strdup(fa_name);
                tmp[strlen(tmp)-1]=0;
                caller_faname = FindEntityFromUserName(caller,tmp);
                free(tmp);
            }
            pips_assert("parameter found",!entity_undefined_p(caller_faname));
            /* get ready for annotation insertion */
            string pragma;
            asprintf(&pragma,"terapix %s",  fa_name);
            FOREACH(DIMENSION, d, variable_dimensions(type_variable(entity_type(caller_faname)))) {
                string tmp = pragma;
                asprintf(&pragma,"%s %d",pragma, dimension_size(d));
                free(tmp);
            }
            add_pragma_str_to_statement(
                    STATEMENT(CAR(statement_block(get_current_module_statement()))),
                    pragma,false);
        }
    }
}
 
/* if only one register is ever written by a sequence of assignment, take advantage of it */
static void terapix_optimize_accumulator(statement st) {
    if(statement_block_p(st)) {
        /* first ensure it's a sequence of assignment */
        FOREACH(STATEMENT,s,statement_block(st))
            if(!assignment_statement_p(s) && !continue_statement_p(s) )
                return;
        /* then check that the written register is always the same */
        entity reg=entity_undefined;
        FOREACH(STATEMENT,s,statement_block(st)) {
            if(!continue_statement_p(s)) {
                expression lhs = binary_call_lhs(statement_call(s));
                entity scalar = expression_int_scalar(lhs);
                if(entity_undefined_p(scalar))
                    continue;
                if(entity_undefined_p(reg))
                    reg=scalar;
                else if(!same_entity_p(reg,scalar))
                    return;
            }
        }
        /* finally, rename this entity as the accumulator P */
#define TERAPIX_ACC "P"
        entity P = FindEntityFromUserName(get_current_module_name(),TERAPIX_ACC);
        if(entity_undefined_p(P)) {
            P=make_scalar_entity(TERAPIX_ACC,get_current_module_name(),make_basic_int(DEFAULT_INTEGER_TYPE_SIZE));
            AddEntityToCurrentModule(P);
        }
        replace_entity(st,reg,P);
    }
}
 
typedef struct {
    entity iterator;
    bool plus;
    bool success;
} tlo_context_t ;
 
static bool do_terapix_loop_optimizer(call c, tlo_context_t *ctxt) {
    if(ENTITY_DEREFERENCING_P(call_function(c))) {
        expression exp = binary_call_lhs(c);
        if(expression_reference_p(exp) && same_entity_p(expression_to_entity(exp),ctxt->iterator)) {
            update_expression_syntax(exp,
                    make_syntax_call(
                        make_call(
                            entity_intrinsic(ctxt->plus?PRE_INCREMENT_OPERATOR_NAME:PRE_DECREMENT_OPERATOR_NAME),
                            CONS(EXPRESSION,copy_expression(exp),NIL)
                            )
                        )
                    );
            ctxt->success=true;
            gen_recurse_stop(0);
        }
    }
    return true;
}
 
void terapix_loop_optimizer(statement st) {
    if(statement_loop_p(st)) {
        loop l =statement_loop(st);
 
        statement sb = loop_body(l);
        entity fake = make_new_scalar_variable(get_current_module_entity(),make_basic_int(DEFAULT_INTEGER_TYPE_SIZE));
        AddLocalEntityToDeclarations(fake,get_current_module_entity(),sb);
        if(statement_block_p(sb)) {
            list block = statement_block(sb);
            list bblock = gen_nreverse(gen_copy_seq(block));
            list added = NIL;
 
            /* look for iterators from the end */
            FOREACH(STATEMENT,s,bblock) {
                if(assignment_statement_p(s)) {
                    call c = statement_call(s);
                    expression lhs = binary_call_lhs(c),
                               rhs = binary_call_rhs(c);
                    if(expression_call_p(rhs)) {
                        call c = expression_call(rhs);
                        entity op = call_function(c);
                        if(ENTITY_PLUS_C_P(op) || ENTITY_MINUS_C_P(op)) {
                            bool plus = ENTITY_PLUS_C_P(op);
                            intptr_t step;
                            if(expression_equal_p(binary_call_lhs(c),lhs) &&
                                    expression_integer_value(binary_call_rhs(c),&step)&&step==1) {
                                entity iterator = expression_to_entity(lhs);
                                statement copy = copy_statement(s);
                                call_function(expression_call(binary_call_rhs(statement_call(copy))))=
                                    entity_intrinsic(plus?MINUS_C_OPERATOR_NAME:PLUS_C_OPERATOR_NAME);
 
                                gen_remove(&block,s);
                                /* now try to hide the iteration in a pointer access somewhere */
                                tlo_context_t ctxt = {iterator,plus,false };
                                FOREACH(STATEMENT,ss,block) {
                                    set re = get_referenced_entities(ss);
                                    if(set_belong_p(re,iterator)) {
                                        gen_context_recurse(ss,&ctxt,call_domain,do_terapix_loop_optimizer,gen_null2);
                                        if(ctxt.success) {
                                            set_free(re);
                                            break;
                                        }
                                    }
                                    set_free(re);
                                }
                                if(!ctxt.success)
                                    block=CONS(STATEMENT,s,block);
                                else
                                    free_statement(s);
                                added=CONS(STATEMENT,copy,added);
                                continue;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                break;
            }
            sequence_statements(statement_sequence(sb))=block;
            gen_free_list(bblock);
            if(!ENDP(added)) {
                added=gen_nreverse(added);
                insert_statement(st,make_block_statement(added),true);
            }
        }
    }
}
 
static void terapixify_loops(statement s) {
    if(statement_loop_p(s)) {
        loop l =statement_loop(s);
        entity index = loop_index(l);
        range r = loop_range(l);
        if(expression_constant_p(range_upper(r)) &&
                expression_constant_p(range_lower(r)) &&
                expression_constant_p(range_increment(r))) {
            full_loop_unroll(s);
            if(statement_block_p(s)) {
                list block = statement_block(s);
                list bblock= gen_copy_seq(block);
                /* look for iterators */
                for(list iter = bblock; !ENDP(iter) ; POP(iter)) {
                    statement s = STATEMENT(CAR(iter));
                    if(assignment_statement_p(s)) {
                        call c = statement_call(s);
                        expression lhs = binary_call_lhs(c),
                                   rhs = binary_call_rhs(c);
                        if(expression_call_p(rhs)) {
                            call c = expression_call(rhs);
                            entity op = call_function(c);
                            if(ENTITY_PLUS_C_P(op) || ENTITY_MINUS_C_P(op)) {
                                bool plus = ENTITY_PLUS_C_P(op);
                                intptr_t step;
                                if(expression_equal_p(binary_call_lhs(c),lhs) &&
                                        expression_integer_value(binary_call_rhs(c),&step)&&step==1) {
                                    entity iterator = expression_to_entity(lhs);
                                    /* now try to hide the iteration in a pointer access somewhere */
                                    tlo_context_t ctxt = {iterator,plus,false };
                                    FOREACH(STATEMENT,ss,iter) {
                                        set re = get_referenced_entities(ss);
                                        if(set_belong_p(re,iterator)) {
                                            gen_context_recurse(ss,&ctxt,call_domain,do_terapix_loop_optimizer,gen_null2);
                                            if(ctxt.success) {
                                                set_free(re);
                                                break;
                                            }
                                        }
                                        set_free(re);
                                    }
                                    /* be optimistic: even if we failed, remove the iterator */
                                    gen_remove(&block,s);
                                    free_statement(s);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                gen_free_list(bblock);
                gen_context_recurse(s, index, statement_domain, gen_true2, terapixify_loop_purge);
            }
        }
    }
}
 
static void stmt_rm_useless_label_rwt(statement s)
{
  statement_remove_useless_label(s, false);
}
 
bool normalize_microcode( char * module_name)
{
    bool can_terapixify =true;
    /* prelude */
    set_current_module_entity(module_name_to_entity( module_name ));
    set_current_module_statement((statement) db_get_memory_resource(DBR_CODE, module_name, true) );
    set_cumulated_rw_effects((statement_effects)db_get_memory_resource(DBR_CUMULATED_EFFECTS,module_name,true));
 
    /* checks */
 
    /* make sure
     * - only do loops remain
     * - no call to external functions
     * - no float / double etc
     */
    gen_context_multi_recurse(get_current_module_statement(),&can_terapixify,
            whileloop_domain,cannot_terapixify,gen_null,
            forloop_domain,cannot_terapixify,gen_null,
            call_domain,can_terapixify_call_p,gen_null,
            expression_domain,can_terapixify_expression_p,gen_null,
            NULL);
 
    /* unroll some loops with constant trip count */
    gen_recurse(get_current_module_statement(),statement_domain, gen_true, terapixify_loops);
    clean_up_sequences(get_current_module_statement());
 
    /* reorder some loops */
    gen_recurse(get_current_module_statement(),statement_domain,gen_true,terapix_loop_optimizer);
 
 
    /* detect initial array sizes */
    normalize_microcode_anotate();
 
    /* now, try to guess the goal of the parameters
     * - parameters are 32 bits signed integers (TODO)
     * - read-only arrays might be mask, but can also be images (depend of their size ?)
     * - written arrays must be images
     * - integer are loop parameters
     * - others are not allowed
     */
    size_t nb_fifo = 1;
    size_t nb_lu = 1;
    size_t nb_ptr = 1;
    size_t nb_ma = 1;
    size_t nb_re = 5;/* reserve some register for internal use */
    FOREACH(ENTITY,e,entity_declarations(get_current_module_entity()))
    {
        if(!entity_area_p(e))
        {
            variable v = type_variable(entity_type(e));
            basic vb = variable_basic(v);
            if(formal_parameter_p(e))
            {
                if( basic_pointer_p(vb) ) /* it's a pointer */
                {
                    string prefix = NULL;
                    type t =ultimate_type(basic_pointer(vb));
                    vb=variable_basic(type_variable(t));
                    if( strstr(entity_user_name(e),get_string_property("GROUP_CONSTANTS_HOLDER")) ) {
                        printf("%s seems a mask\n",entity_user_name(e));
                        prefix = TERAPIX_MASK_PREFIX;
                    }
                    else {
                        printf("%s seems an image\n",entity_user_name(e));
                        prefix = TERAPIX_IMAGE_PREFIX;
                    }
                    terapix_argument_handler(e,TERAPIX_PTRARG_PREFIX,&nb_fifo,prefix,&nb_ptr);
                }
                else if( entity_used_in_loop_bound_p(e) )
                {
                    printf("%s belongs to a loop bound\n",entity_user_name(e));
                    //terapix_argument_handler(e,TERAPIX_LOOPARG_PREFIX,&nb_lu,NULL,NULL);
                }
                /* a rom array with only one element, outlining and isolate_statement where too smart :) */
                else if ( strstr(entity_user_name(e),get_string_property("GROUP_CONSTANTS_HOLDER")) &&
                        entity_scalar_p(e)) {
 
                    entity_type(e) = make_type_variable(
                            make_variable(
                                make_basic_pointer(entity_type(e)),
                                NIL,
                                NIL
                                )
                            );
                    expression repl = MakeUnaryCall(
                            entity_intrinsic(DEREFERENCING_OPERATOR_NAME),
                            entity_to_expression(e)
                            );
                    replace_entity_by_expression(
                            get_current_module_statement(),
                            e,
                            repl);
                    free_expression(repl);
                    /* pips bonus step: the consistency */
                    intptr_t i=1,
                             offset = formal_offset(storage_formal(entity_storage(e)));
                    FOREACH(PARAMETER,p,module_functional_parameters(get_current_module_entity())) {
                        if(i++==offset) {
                            dummy d = parameter_dummy(p);
                            if(dummy_identifier_p(d))
                            {
                                entity di = dummy_identifier(d);
                                entity_type(di) = make_type_variable(
                                        make_variable(
                                            make_basic_pointer(entity_type(di)),
                                            NIL,
                                            NIL
                                            )
                                        );
                            }
                            parameter_type(p) = make_type_variable(
                                    make_variable(
                                        make_basic_pointer(parameter_type(p)),
                                        NIL,
                                        NIL
                                        )
                                    );
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    list callers = callees_callees((callees)db_get_memory_resource(DBR_CALLERS,get_current_module_name(), true));
                    list callers_statement = callers_to_statements(callers);
                    list call_sites = callers_to_call_sites(callers_statement,get_current_module_entity());
                    pips_assert("only one caller here\n",
                            !ENDP(call_sites) && ENDP(CDR(call_sites)));
                    list args = call_arguments(CALL(CAR(call_sites)));
                    for(intptr_t i=1;i<offset;i++) POP(args);
                    expression *exp = (expression*)REFCAR(args);
                    *exp=
                        MakeUnaryCall(
                                entity_intrinsic(ADDRESS_OF_OPERATOR_NAME),
                                *exp
                                );
 
 
                    for(list citer=callers,siter=callers_statement;!ENDP(citer);POP(citer),POP(siter))
                        DB_PUT_MEMORY_RESOURCE(DBR_CODE, STRING(CAR(citer)),STATEMENT(CAR(siter)));
                    db_touch_resource(DBR_CODE,compilation_unit_of_module(get_current_module_name()));
                    gen_free_list(callers_statement);
 
                    printf("%s seems a mask\n",entity_user_name(e));
                    terapix_argument_handler(e,TERAPIX_PTRARG_PREFIX,&nb_fifo,TERAPIX_MASK_PREFIX,&nb_ma);
                }
            }
            else if( basic_pointer_p(vb) ) {
                terapix_argument_handler(e,NULL,NULL,TERAPIX_IMAGE_PREFIX,&nb_ptr);
            } else if( entity_scalar_p(e))
                terapix_argument_handler(e,NULL,NULL,TERAPIX_REGISTER_PREFIX,&nb_re);
            else
                terapix_argument_handler(e,TERAPIX_PTRARG_PREFIX,&nb_fifo,TERAPIX_MASK_PREFIX,&nb_ma);
        }
    }
 
    /* rename all declared entities using terasm convention*/
    list tmp = gen_copy_seq(statement_declarations(get_current_module_statement()));
    bool stop=true;
    do {
        stop=true;
        /* need a copy otherwise goes in infinite loop */
        FOREACH(ENTITY,e,tmp)
        {
            if(entity_variable_p(e))
            {
                variable v = type_variable(entity_type(e));
                if( basic_pointer_p(variable_basic(v)) ) {/* it's a pointer */
                    if(terapix_pointer_initialized_from_a_mask_p(e)) {
                        force_terapix_argument_handler(e,NULL,NULL,TERAPIX_MASK_PREFIX,&nb_ma);
                        stop=false;
                    }
                    else
                        terapix_argument_handler(e,NULL,NULL,TERAPIX_IMAGE_PREFIX,&nb_ptr);
                }
                else if( basic_int_p(variable_basic(v))) /* it's an int */
                    terapix_argument_handler(e,NULL,NULL,TERAPIX_REGISTER_PREFIX,&nb_re);
            }
        }
    } while(!stop);
    gen_free_list(tmp);
 
    /* reorder arguments to match terapix conventions */
    normalize_microcode_parameter_orders(get_current_module_entity());
 
    /* loops in terasm iterate over a given parameter, in the form DO I=1:N 
     * I is hidden to the user and N must be a parameter */
    {
        terapix_loop_handler_param p = {
            .ht = hash_table_make(hash_pointer,HASH_DEFAULT_SIZE),
            .cnt=&nb_lu
        };
        gen_context_recurse(get_current_module_statement(), &p, statement_domain, gen_true2, terapix_loop_handler);
    }
 
    gen_recurse(get_current_module_statement(), statement_domain,gen_true, stmt_rm_useless_label_rwt);
 
    /* normalize test */
    gen_recurse(get_current_module_statement(), call_domain, gen_true, terapix_normalize_tests);
 
    /* try some simple optimizations */
    clean_up_sequences(get_current_module_statement());
    gen_recurse(get_current_module_statement(),statement_domain,gen_true,terapix_optimize_accumulator);
 
 
    /* validate */
    module_reorder(get_current_module_statement());
    DB_PUT_MEMORY_RESOURCE(DBR_CODE, module_name,get_current_module_statement());
 
    /*postlude*/
    reset_current_module_entity();
    reset_current_module_statement();
    reset_cumulated_rw_effects();
    return true || can_terapixify;
}
static entity tw_loop_index;
static void do_terapix_warmup_patching(reference r, entity e) {
    if(same_entity_p(e,reference_variable(r))) {
        variable v = type_variable(entity_type(e));
        dimension d1=DIMENSION(CAR(CDR(variable_dimensions(v))));
        expression *index0 = (expression*)REFCAR(reference_indices(r));
        NORMALIZE_EXPRESSION(*index0);
        normalized n = expression_normalized(*index0);
        if(normalized_linear_p(n)) {
            for(Pvecteur piter = normalized_linear(n);
                    !VECTEUR_NUL_P(piter);
                    piter=vecteur_succ(piter)) {
 
                if(vecteur_var(piter)!=tw_loop_index) {
                    Value offset = vecteur_val(piter);
                    if(offset!=VALUE_ZERO) {
                        Pvecteur opv = vect_new(vecteur_var(piter),offset);
                        expression eoffset = Pvecteur_to_expression(opv),
                                   Eoffset = copy_expression(eoffset);
                        vect_rm(opv);
                        eoffset=MakeBinaryCall(entity_intrinsic(MULTIPLY_OPERATOR_NAME),
                                SizeOfDimension(d1),
                                eoffset);
                        *index0=make_op_exp(MINUS_OPERATOR_NAME,*index0,Eoffset);
                        expression * index1 = (expression*)REFCAR(CDR(reference_indices(r)));
                        *index1=MakeBinaryCall(entity_intrinsic(PLUS_OPERATOR_NAME),
                                *index1,
                                eoffset);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
 
/* make sure s is of the form 
 * decl
 * loop nest
 *
 * and then assume each array is a 2+ dimensional array and make sure there is no constant in the first array index. That's all.
 */
static bool do_terapix_warmup(statement top) {
    if(statement_block_p(top)) {
        FOREACH(STATEMENT,s, statement_block(top)) {
            if(declaration_statement_p(s)) continue;
            else if(statement_loop_p(s)) {
                loop l =statement_loop(s);
                tw_loop_index = loop_index(l);
                set re = get_referenced_entities(loop_body(l));
                list arrays = NIL;
                SET_FOREACH(entity, e, re) {
                    if(entity_array_p(e) && gen_length(variable_dimensions(
                                    type_variable(entity_type(e))))>1) {
                        arrays=CONS(ENTITY,e,arrays);
                    }
                }
                set_free(re);
                FOREACH(ENTITY,e,arrays) {
                    gen_context_recurse(l, e,
                      reference_domain, gen_true2, do_terapix_warmup_patching);
                }
                gen_free_list(arrays);
                return true;
            }
            else break;
        }
    }
    return false;
}
 
bool terapix_warmup(const char * module_name) {
    /* prelude */
    set_current_module_entity(module_name_to_entity( module_name ));
    set_current_module_statement((statement) db_get_memory_resource(DBR_CODE, module_name, true) );
 
    /* go go power rangers */
    bool can_terapixify =
        do_terapix_warmup(get_current_module_statement());
    
    /* validate */
    module_reorder(get_current_module_statement());
    DB_PUT_MEMORY_RESOURCE(DBR_CODE, module_name,get_current_module_statement());
 
    /*postlude*/
    reset_current_module_entity();
    reset_current_module_statement();
    return  can_terapixify;
 
}
 
/** 
 * 
 * 
 * @param e 
 * 
 * @return 
 */
static bool two_addresses_code_generator_split_p(expression e )
{
    if(expression_call_p(e))
    {
        call c = expression_call(e);
        entity op = call_function(c);
        return ! call_constant_p(c) && (!get_bool_property("GENERATE_TWO_ADDRESSES_CODE_SKIP_DEREFERENCING") || !ENTITY_DEREFERENCING_P(op));
    }
    else
        return false;
}
 
static
void two_addresses_code_generator(statement s)
{
    if(statement_call_p(s))
    {
        call c = statement_call(s);
        if(ENTITY_ASSIGN_P(call_function(c)))
        {
            list args = call_arguments(c);
            expression lhs = EXPRESSION(CAR(args));
            expression rhs = EXPRESSION(CAR(CDR(args)));
            list w_effects = effects_write_effects(load_cumulated_rw_effects_list(s));
            list e_effects = proper_effects_of_expression(rhs);
            bool conflict=false;
            FOREACH(EFFECT,we,w_effects) {
                FOREACH(EFFECT,e,e_effects) {
                    if((conflict=effects_may_conflict_p(e,we))) {
                        goto end;
                    }
                }
            }
end:
            gen_full_free_list(e_effects);
            gen_free_list(w_effects);
            
            if(!conflict && !two_addresses_code_generator_split_p(lhs) && two_addresses_code_generator_split_p(rhs)) {
                call parent_call = call_undefined;
                do {
                    parent_call=expression_call(rhs);
                    rhs=EXPRESSION(CAR(call_arguments(parent_call)));
                } while(expression_call_p(rhs) && two_addresses_code_generator_split_p(rhs));
                if(! expression_equal_p(lhs,rhs) )
                {
                    /* a=b+c; -> (1) a=b; (2) a=a+c; */
                    statement theassign/*1*/= make_assign_statement(copy_expression(lhs),copy_expression(rhs));
                    statement thecall/*2*/= s;
                    CAR(call_arguments(parent_call)).p=(gen_chunkp)copy_expression(lhs);
                    insert_statement(thecall,theassign,true);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
 
bool generate_two_addresses_code(const string module_name)
{
    /* prelude */
    set_current_module_entity(module_name_to_entity( module_name ));
    set_current_module_statement((statement) db_get_memory_resource(DBR_CODE, module_name, true) );
    set_cumulated_rw_effects((statement_effects)db_get_memory_resource(DBR_CUMULATED_EFFECTS,module_name,true));
    set_conflict_testing_properties();
    gen_recurse(get_current_module_statement(),statement_domain,gen_true,two_addresses_code_generator);
 
    /* validate */
    module_reorder(get_current_module_statement());
    DB_PUT_MEMORY_RESOURCE(DBR_CODE, module_name,get_current_module_statement());
 
    /*postlude*/
    reset_cumulated_rw_effects();
    reset_current_module_entity();
    reset_current_module_statement();
    return true;
}
 
static void do_terapix_remove_divide(call c)
{
    entity op = call_function(c);
    if(ENTITY_DIVIDE_P(op))
    {
        expression lhs = binary_call_lhs(c);
        expression rhs = binary_call_rhs(c);
        if(extended_expression_constant_p(rhs))
        {
        int accuracy = get_int_property("TERAPIX_REMOVE_DIVIDE_ACCURACY");
 
        gen_free_list(call_arguments(c));
        call_function(c)=entity_intrinsic(RIGHT_SHIFT_OPERATOR_NAME);
 
        call_arguments(c)=make_expression_list(
                MakeBinaryCall(
                    entity_intrinsic(MULTIPLY_OPERATOR_NAME),
                    lhs,
                    MakeBinaryCall(
                        entity_intrinsic(LEFT_SHIFT_OPERATOR_NAME),
                        MakeBinaryCall(
                            entity_intrinsic(DIVIDE_OPERATOR_NAME),
                            int_to_expression(1),
                            rhs),
                        int_to_expression(accuracy)
                        )
                    ),
                int_to_expression(accuracy)
                );
        }
        else
            pips_user_error("terapix cannot handle division by a non-constant variable\n");
    }
}
bool terapix_remove_divide(const string module_name)
{
    /* prelude */
    set_current_module_entity(module_name_to_entity( module_name ));
    set_current_module_statement((statement) db_get_memory_resource(DBR_CODE, module_name, true) );
 
    /* converts divide operator into multiply operator:
     * a/cste = a* (1/b) ~= a * ( 128 / cste ) / 128
     */
    gen_recurse(get_current_module_statement(),call_domain,gen_true,do_terapix_remove_divide);
 
    /* validate */
    DB_PUT_MEMORY_RESOURCE(DBR_CODE, module_name,get_current_module_statement());
 
    /*postlude*/
    reset_current_module_entity();
    reset_current_module_statement();
    return true;
}